School start times and its effects on Students

If you were tired and were really un-alert, how would you execute at your occupation? Not really good, how do instructors, parent and rules expect us, the pupils, to execute at the highest degree we can without acquiring the slumber needed to make that? I believe school should get down later in the forenoon, because surveies say that pupils have been more watchful. If pupils are more alert they are more likely to make good in there academic surveies. The people who are for get downing school subsequently in the forenoon are pupils, parents and some principals. These people are for this, because in the surveies that have been conducted pupils have gotten better classs and there has been less student related auto wrecks. â€Å" There are informations that demonstrate that deficiency of slumber has negative effects for teens, and some informations show that younger drivers are more likely to hold accidents when they have unequal slumber † Verona, 1 ) . Although these are good grounds to be for this, there are some people that do differ, including some principals, who think it wont work, and parents who think it will cut into there work clip to take pupils to school, and the pupils who think it will impact extracurricular activities. Some principals think that if they start school subsequently that they will be pampering the adolescents, and it will non school will non learn adolescents good wonts. Besides some parents think that it ‘s non the schools mistake, but the adolescents, they say adolescents stay up excessively late, and besides they say that the teens do n't give themselves plenty to kip. Some parents say that if the schools start subsequently, the teens wo n't hold any clip to make what they need to acquire done after they get out of school. The experts say that schools get downing later may be indulging them a little excessively much. If you think this, here are some grounds that might carry you to exchange sides. With the earlier start times pupils have been less down, non merely did the instructors say this, but the foremans of the pupils who had after school occupations had said that the pupil is less down and is working harder to make better in his occupation. Even if the classs did n't travel up, the attempt is at that place. Edina and Minneapolis, two schools that have made the alteration to get down subsequently, there after school patterns may hold been shorter, but these two schools have competed the same, if non better, than they have in the past old ages. Some schools are taking action into doing excess curricular activities work. There have been studies of schools shortening all of the categories and alternatively of to two yearss that are spread out its one large long twenty-four hours so that the agenda would work. The mean adolescent needs up to nine hours of slumber or even more on a given dark to work decently the following forenoon. Kayla Wahlstrom has done surveies with all kinds of different schools. â€Å" Students have reported less depression when there was a ulterior start clip ; instructors reported that pupils were more watchful and ready for the school twenty-four hours † ( Wahlstrom, 1 ) . Wahlstrom besides found that there were less bead outs when schools started after 8:00 a.m. 20 % of pupils fall asleep in category everyday. Experts say that the start of simple school times and high school start times are switched. If the start times were based on the sleep rhythms of pupils, high school would get down subsequently and simple would get down earlier. Adolescents are at there deepest slumber two hours before they wake up. If something interrupts that period of slumber, say waking up for school, it can go forth teens sleep deprived, dazed and un-alert, down and will non desire to larn. A survey at St. Georges High School says that since they have been get downing later, pupils have reported holding better tempers towards instructors, arrived to category on clip, and has even eaten a better breakfast. If the pupils eat a better breakfast so â€Å" Sleep want can impact temper, public presentation, attending, larning, behaviour and biological maps † ( Sheldon, 2 ) . â€Å" Sleeping is like eating, it is executing a biological map that is required † ( Sheldon, 2 ) Some pupils think this is an exceptionally good thought, as you would conceive of. There was a survey done at Walter Johnson High School in Bethesda. Here was what a couple pupils had to state about get downing school in the ulterior hours of the forenoon. â€Å" If I was able to acquire more slumber in the forenoon, I would be able to remain awake in all my afternoon categories † ( Nazdin, 3 ) . Although some pupils think this is a really good thought, some do n't. There have been studies where pupils think this should n't go on, because they think it will interfere with the after school activities, such as, occupations athleticss and jobs that need to be done at place. The National Sleep Foundation ( NSF ) did a random survey on pupils go toing Harrington High School. Here are the statistics of that survey. 78 % said that it was hard to acquire up in the forenoon. 16 % said they thought they got plenty sleep. 70 % said they thought their classs would better. 90 % thought that the faculty members of the whole school would better. Besides the pupils said they did non experience alert or prepared to take a trial in the forenoon. The pupils besides said that they think the ideal clip to take a trial is 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. Most pupils are taking trial at 8 or 8:30 in the forenoon, this clip is when pupils need to be merely waking up, non taking trials. A survey showed that pupils who took trials in the afternoon have gotten better trial tonss than pupils who took trials in the early forenoon. You may non believe me but the statistics do n't lie. Every school that has been tested with get downing school subsequently, the classs have been better, attitudes happier, less drowsing and less childs falling asleep in category. If the schools do start later they will see dramatic alteration in the classs, attitudes and there will be less auto wrecks. All this information above supports this. In the province of Rhode Island, 201 schools have changed their start times and all have had additions in things I ‘ve told you that they would increase in. â€Å" I think the grounds truly is mounting that it ‘s an project that ‘s good deserving at least sing † ( Owens, 4 ) . Schools need to get down get downing later in the forenoon if they want to get down holding better classs, fewer dropouts and less auto wrecks. Most pupils start at that place twenty-four hours at 7:30 in the forenoon. For at least 75 % of those pupils that is manner excessively early. Like a said before, adolescents need the lower limit of nine hours of slumber, and merely 22 % of pupils get that nine hours of slumber. The pupils that get the sum of slumber that is recommended for adolescents will be the 1 who get better classs feel better about themselves because they ‘re acquiring better classs, and they will be less down. The pupils will be more up-beat and more watchful if they had non gotten adequate slumber. My point is schools need to get down get downing later in the forenoon. If they do n't, pupils will maintain dropping out and maintain acquiring bad classs. If we start subsequently, none of the bad things will come to the pupils if we would hold started subsequently in the forenoon. In decision, schools all around America need to get down subsequently, as you can see a batch of bad things can come to your pupils if we do n't get down categories subsequently, including bad classs, depression, and bead outs these are all grounds why schools need to get down subsequently.

Being Immersed Into Virtual Worlds

Being Immersed in Virtual Worlds Being immersed in virtual worlds is a very appealing topic to me and often times I, myself and others dive into those kind of things many, many times especially with the increase in technology over the last few decades essay writer salary. The focus of this essay will answer specific discussions such as the impact of humanity that indulge in the artificial, virtual world by video games, movies, media and many other technologies. In addition to that, I will write about why I consider it to be a leisure time as well as the uses of all these virtual reality in the future.First of all, the technology involved in artificial, virtual world is all fantasy and has nothing to do with the real world. The problem is, some people don’t know the difference and take it out in real life as if it’s a game to them. The social implications of violent video games are often conflicted because some researchers, who are anti-violence towards video games, say that the majority of the people who play these games are more aggressive, addictive and so involved in it, they do things unpredictable, thus they are the ones who cause school shootings, crimes, etc.True to say, this is not the case because obviously everyone who play video games reacts to it differently such as myself. Even more so, I’ve been playing video games for many years since I was a child and have had no psychological effects from the games. I clearly know right and wrong, fantasy from reality. How do I know this? I was taught well by my parents and as well as ventured out in the real world. There’s also something called being pro-social, which means caring about the welfare and rights of others’ life and not put their games as a priority.Well, in some cases, violent video games do promote pro-social behavior which is a positive thing as they do not think about themselves and their leisure time only. This goes for all action and violence involved withi n movies and the media too. Being immersed into virtual worlds become a problem when one doesn’t know the difference, therefore naive of the facts and to make matters worse, imitate what they see in the game, most commonly â€Å"Grand Theft Auto† series which is one of the most popular among gamers.The Grand Theft Auto series is a free-roam action-adventure video game where you are in the open world of a large city freely killing people and stealing cars, escaping from cops, etc. To provide with evidence, here’s a sufficient research on that matter according to the most recent school shooting perpetrator, Adam Lanza. According to the Times Ideas website, Christopher J.Ferguson, the author of the article titled â€Å"Sandy Hook Shooting: Video Games Blamed, Again† has stated, â€Å"As a video game violence researcher and someone who has done scholarship on mass homicides†¦There is no good evidence that video games or other media contributes, even in a small way, to mass homicides or any other violence among youth. † (Ferguson P. 3) We can’t blame violent video games for everything because like I said, there are more than just violent video games alone.Adam Lanza may have played violent video games and went to a target shooting range, but there’s more to it than that. He was described as a loner with no friends, but brilliant. There was something wrong with him that no one knew or cared about; otherwise it would have prevented the Sandy Hook massacre. Secondly, simply playing video games, watching movies or TV such as soap opera and pornography are just leisure time and entertainment. These are things that should not be applied to real life.A lot of people pay for this and the companies make billions of dollars from their customers and they will continue to keep that trend going for many decades to come, the companies attitude are â€Å"We will do whatever it takes to make more money† and that is prett y much their only goal especially with the entertainment industries. Companies never run out of ideas because the virtual world is full of so many possibilities unlike real life such as Star Wars, War of the Worlds, Zombies, Aliens, Horror among many others.Sometimes, it may occur to some individuals who indulge themselves into this fantasy world and want to take it to the next level recruiting real victims and that becomes bad. In general, there are a lot of factors as to why serial killers, serial rapists, sexual sadists, online predators exist and that is because of this amongst other things that happen in their life to trigger such actions. What is even funnier is that religious people say it’s a sin to watch or play with these types of entertainment.Is killing a human in a virtual world a sin? Absolutely not! As a Christian, I believe we shouldn’t be mastered, manipulated or consumed by anything where it will affect us and others in a negative way. The application s of virtual reality are largely visual and less on words. We have become more visual over the years. However, words will still be around because how else would we explain the visual image without words? Or how else would we make an argument depicting the images and/or videos?Visual communication is direct and more efficient due to the pace of understanding it. It processes faster to the brain than words as if it’s like coding, trying to decipher what it is saying and then understanding it. Most people find TV, movies, video games more fun, appealing, and attractively productive than words. As the saying goes, visual communication is worth more than a thousand words. But we can also say that it’s a 50/50 between words and visual, they both are blended in, and despite how often one is used over the other.There are also computer applications of virtual reality such as powerful Adobe Creative Suite tools able to make logos and vectors, image manipulation through Photoshop , After Effects that add visual special effects seen in action movies, animation, wide ranges of specific colors & objects and many more. You can say that these programs practically make our eyes see more, making it look more attractive and innovative that our eyes cannot see alone. Moreover, virtual reality is originally produced on a computer, engineered and then imported to all technological devices such as porting to mobile phones, tablets, laptops, etc.In Wikipedia’s definition of virtual reality, more examples of hands-on equipments used are Computer-aided design (CAD), graphics hardware acceleration, head-mounted display, database gloves, and miniaturization (making powerful devices smaller scales but still effective). Applications that apply are implementation (most commonly programming languages such as Java, C++, Perl, or Python), Manufacturing (serve a new product design, prototypes, Computer-Aided Manufacturing), and Urban design (urban regeneration and planning t ransport projects). In the future, virtual reality is becoming more surreal with the advancements in technology.As technology becomes more advanced and complex, so will virtual reality. Virtual reality is all surrounded by computers and devices extracted from real life and data stored in memory. It is amazing how fast technology has boosted in just a few decades and we are already doing High-Definition and 3-D. Now, virtual reality needs to complete all five senses, sight, hearing, touch, smell and taste in the world of virtual reality being able to freely walk in what you imagined to be reality! How extraordinary technology will be to fulfill all five senses in virtual reality, in your own world that you, not only imagined, but also produced!

Media, ritual and contemporary public cultures Essay

Media, ritual and contemporary public cultures - Essay Example In this process, the media became an important tool for communication, sharing information and influencing people (Garnham, 2000). Therefore, in Europe and the western world, the media become dominant and important whilst religion and the role of the European church waned (Viault, 2013). This paper examines the concept religious rituals as it is presented in Durkheim’s analysis and how this gives an explanation to the social significance of contemporary media. In order to attain this end, the following objectives are explored: The paper will begin by evaluating and analysing what rituals are and why they exist. This will be done by assessing and evaluating the processes and views presented by Durkheim in his attempt to philosophise and conceptualise religion in the context of rituals. This will be expanded and extended to cover various aspects and processes of interaction and social significance in order to provide answers to the fundamental questions and concepts. The research will therefore proceed to compare rituals and the media and how the media plays a role in presenting different views and ideologies about people in the society. This will help to provide a background for juxtaposition and contemporary analysis of religion and rituals in order to provide important commonalities and discussions. Religion in Europe was mainly based on the Church with its core nucleus in Vatican (Viault, 2013). This had its root and origins steeped in the ancient elements of the Roman Empire and the Catholic Church. However, after the Protestant Reformation and the Age of Enlightenment, European citizens began to make demands for fairer and just methods of promoting justice, liberty and equality. This is mainly steeped in the French and American Revolutions that challenged the traditional system that was based on spirituality and religion (Brennan, 2010). Emile Durkheim emerged as a philosopher at the turn of the 20th Century and he sought to

Discursive and case based analysis of Internet of Things Literature review

Discursive and case based analysis of Internet of Things - Literature review Example Through the technology, smart environments have been created, through reduction of communication time taken in exchanging messages. The terminology of â€Å"Internet of Things† was first introduced at MIT and was used in describing a network of objects. This included the capability for objects to interact autonomously, and organise themselves, consequently converging the physical objects into the digital world of internet[1]. This concept is based upon the idea of the global network connecting computers, but enables everyday objects to become interconnected in a similar manner. The concept enables the application of state-of-the-art into different fields and performing common functions. At the heart of the concept of IoT lies the belief that objects can communicate among themselves and make decisions based on the communication. The communication is enhanced through enabling the objects to collect data, which they share and initiate action, just like a human being would do. The internet of things presents a technological internet-based approach for connecting objects to enable them become active elements of the internet. The function of activity will become enhanced the objects having the capacity to exchange information between themselves and their surroundings[2]. The IoT involves communication between different objects and enables the active involvement of objects in communication. The network through which these objects connect remains different from the commonly utilised layered networks. Though this could be utilised to a limited extent, the communication network remains different. The development and implementation of these smart technologies remains relatively limited within many aspects and the networks are still in the development stages. The internet of things presents a concept which has resulted in multidisciplinary developments in

Bilingual Education, Oil, and the Navajo Nation Research Paper

Bilingual Education, Oil, and the Navajo Nation - Research Paper Example Bilingual education is a form of education where information is presented to learners in two or more distinct languages. In the United States, though English has not been endorsed as the official national language, most schools if not all in the U.S.A use English in the teaching of schools not considering that America is also comprised of other various native languages that may get extinct as a result of only using English in teaching in schools (Romaine, 1995). Discussion The state of Arizona has in the resent past been the subject of discussion in matters relating to bilingualism in education since it is majorly populated by the people of the Navajo nation who have and would like to use their language in the education of their children. The people of Navajo who speak Athabaskan have been objecting the education of their children in English since this has saw the steady decline in the number of people who speak Athabaskan. The state of Arizona has since developed a proposition 203, which is an initiative that illegalizes the use of native language in instruction of learners who have a limited a proficiency in English in public schools. The proposition has also made sure that the new law is implemented to the latter by micromanagement of schools using the electoral process to implement the English only policy in public schools (Favela, 2008). In the recent discovery of oil in the territory that had been assigned to the Navajo, they might as well scrap this law off since they only demand for bilingual instruction in the education of public schools surrounding their nation. U.S.A has no territorial rights in the Navajo territory as this area is private property and belongs entirely to the nation of Navajo. The scraping off of this newly implemented law is likely due to the fact that the nation of U.S.A is really in great need of locating more energy resources within its borders; the prospect of a major onshore oil field in Arizona is very significant. As your leg al adviser, I have devised several policies that you would choose if you see fit to present to the council of the Navajo representatives to assess whether they would be swayed to consider their hard-line stand in regard to the reintroduction of bilingua

Management of medical equipment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Management of medical equipment - Essay Example The acquisition subcycle is further subdivided into the following phases: technology assessment, technology planning, acquisition, acceptance, and finally replacement and disposal (Chan, 2003). Technology assessment includes the assessment of the technology or in this case the equipment, mostly in relation to its safety and performance, as well as its projected effect in terms of patient outcomes and its impact on the economic and ethical elements of healthcare (Vallejo-Torres, et.al., 2008). Medical technology and equipment are evaluated in general terms and in relation to other technologies, procedures and interventions. The goal of medical technology assessment is to ensure objective as well as quality data which can be used by stakeholders in their decision-making (Vallejo-Torres, et.al., 2008). The general application of the technology assessment is on the assessment of technologies and equipment after they are introduced in the marketplace. Other experts and researchers however are also quick to point out that new technologies must be assessed before they are incorporated into the clinical practice (Pietzsch and Pate-Cornell, 2008). By evaluating the technology and equipment in the soonest possible time, it is possible to improve health outcomes, reduce wrong investments, and prevent possible ethical issues arising from these technologies (Pietzsch and Pate-Cornell, 2008). Technology planning is the next phase in the acquisition subcycle (Dyro, 2004). This planning phase includes an interdisciplinary planning process alongside years of experience in hospital management and construction, ensuring the establishment of functional procedures within the clinical practice (Hospital Technology, 2012). Planning medical technology...Medical technology and equipment are evaluated in general terms and in relation to other technologies, procedures and interventions. Planning medical technology also includes the acquisition of large-scale medical equipment including M RI, CT, PET-CT, and angiographies among others (Hospital Technology, 2012). The acquisition of the technology includes the actual purchase of the equipment itself. The last phase of the acquisition process is the replacement and disposal of the medical equipment. Unreliable equipment is also usually replaced. Where medical equipment is deemed unserviceable, it is also the responsibility of equipment services managers to indicate to the concerned department managers about the need for equipment replacement. Utilisation subcycle The other phase in the medical equipment lifecycle is the utilisation subcycle. Quality assurance is carried out in order to identify defective medical equipment (David, 2003). Utilisation subcycle and clinical governance Where the users of the equipment are properly trained, the risk to the patient and the medical staff is reduced. The training in equipment use would also include how the users can maintain the equipment, and this process usually includes the daily cleaning and maintenance of the equipment (Pardeshi, 2005). Quality assurance processes often involves routine maintenance and routine equipment check by the technicians as well as independent quality assurance agencies (WHO, 2013). Medical equipment management is an important aspect of the efficient delivery of healthcare services.

What do good leaders do to Motivate people Research Paper

What do good leaders do to Motivate people - Research Paper Example It is their ability to influence and motivate others that made them highly successful leaders. From business and organization behavior perspectives, leaders are those who influence, motivate and control people with a view to cultivate social capital and employee vigor (Carmeli, Ben-Hador, Waldman & Rupp, 2009). ‘Motivation’ is undeniably one of the most significant resources that leaders should make use to achieve organizational objectives, attain high performance working and ensure competitive edge. This piece of research attempts to present theoretical perspectives of leadership and to explain what and how leaders do things differently to motivate people. This paper, presenting succinct details on different leadership models, exemplifies ways and strategies that leaders take in to account to motivate their subordinates and get them involved in achieving organizational goals. Leadership is a unique personal and professional quality. It is necessarily an inborn quality according to some researchers and it is ‘made’ according to some other researches. Trait theory of leadership, one of the earliest theories of leadership that gave way to the Behavioral theory and Contingency theory, viewed that distinctive physical and psychological characteristics account for leadership and its effectiveness. Various physical and psychological traits such as height, intelligence, attractiveness, self-reliance, creativity etc were studied and analyzed. Basic intelligence, clear and strong values and high level of personal energy were always listed in the main traits for effective leadership (Manning, Curtis and Manning, 2003, p. 16). In recent years, some researchers argued that leaders are ‘made’ and not born. Warren Bennis is one of the most important names who contributed much to leadership studies. He strongly disagreed with the concept that leadership is an innate ability. He defined leadership as â€Å"the capacity to translate vision in to reality† (Corcoran, 2008, p. 3). Being the founding director of Warren Bennis tried to avoid the traditional view about leadership and the concepts of trait-theories, as he argued that leaders are made from training, education, developmental program and learning experiences. Based on this view, leaders can become still more effective leaders and develop their skills further by testing and applying various strategies and techniques to better influence and motivate their followers. Influence and motivation are important matters to leadership. From the fact that leaders’ effectiveness is influenced by training and developmental program, it can be understood that leaders can try several ways to motivate their people and thus to improve their leadership effectiveness. Effective

DISCUSSION QUESTION RESPONSE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

DISCUSSION QUESTION RESPONSE - Essay Example This prompted me to find articles that represent results of general research so that I could deduce the meaning of general research from them. In particular, I read two general research articles and compared their topic, methodology, and findings to a scientific article. This is how I came up with a conclusive answer. The first general research article talked about the relationship between conservation, tourism, and economic development (Conservation – Tourism – Economic Development Context 1). The second talked about staff development through education (EAEpedia 1). The scientific article focused on marine mammals and its approach concurred with definition about scientific research (United States Department of Commerce 1). You are welcome to view the articles as this important discussion continues. Conservation – Tourism – Economic Development Context. The Investigation of the Effects of Conservation and Tourism on Land Tenure and Ownership Patterns in KwaZulu-Natal. Web. 2004. 26 November 2011 United States Department of Commerce. Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for the Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program. 2008. Web. 26 November 2011

Medicine and the Law Coursework 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Medicine and the Law Coursework 2 - Essay Example aby M case, the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health observed that the judgment was in accordance with the guidelines it had set out in 2004 in consultation with parents, patient groups and representatives of different religious groups.(BBC News Report, 2006). It expressed the opinion that each case was to be treated individually and rigid rules could not be imposed that would apply in every case. But as discussed below, the precedents established by the Courts have shown that in general, the guiding principle is one of favouring life although each case is considered on its own merit. The Charlotte Wyatt case1 concerned a prematurely born baby that was suffering from a number of life threatening conditions. The Court also held in this instance that life sustaining treatment to the child could not be withdrawn. The Children Act of 1989 requires that the welfare of the child be accorded top priority and this is the guiding principle in all decisions that are made in reference to children. This is also the basis whereby the Crown can intervene in order to ensure that the interests of children are protected, because they are in effect disabled to the extent that they cannot look out for their own interests. As a result, decisions to be made about their treatment may also be taken by courts, especially when a patient has entered a persistent vegetative state (PVS). The decision of the House of Lords in Airedale NHS trust v Bland2 also held that when a patient has entered the PVS stage, then it may be lawful for the Courts to order the withdrawal of life sustaining tre atment because this would be in the best interests of the patient. It would also be lawful to withhold treatment in such cases because it would be in the patient’s best interests to be allowed to die with dignity3. Where adults are concerned, the question of how far a Court can step in to make decisions about the treatment options or welfare of an incapacitated or disabled person were at

The Analysis of Crisis Communication Strategies Essay Example for Free

The Analysis of Crisis Communication Strategies Essay By definition crisis is a situation that has reached a critical phase (Crisis definition). Crisis is characterized by its lack of stability, unpredictability and short decision-making time. According to Fearn-Banks (1996) crisis is â€Å"a major occurrence with a potentially negative outcome affecting an organization, company, or industry, as well as its publics, products, or good name†. The negative consequences of a crisis are not limited; crisis can be, but not necessarily, a very serious threat to organization’s functioning and stability. Some scholars argue that an organization can benefit from a crisis situation if such is handled properly (Ulmer, Sellnow, 2000). Communication scholars have been conducting multiple researches, seeking to formulate some generalized and applicable theories of crisis communication and crisis management. Since crisis is a crucial period in lifetime of an organization that can affect its future, understanding crises and knowing how to manage these difficult situations effectively are essential skills that corporate managers should posses. This paper will explore the crisis of Redux Beverages which was caused by controversy surrounding the launch of the new product. On September 25, 2006, a new Las Vegas based brewing company – Redux Beverages launched a new energy drink called Cocaine. Since the first days on the market the drink has become very controversial. The public didn’t have a problem with the content of the new beverage, which is very similar to Red Bull or Monster. It was its’ name that people didn’t really feel quite right about. Redux Beverages’ CEO and inventor of Cocaine, Jamey Kirby thought that naming an energy drink after a dangerous narcotic was â€Å"a fun name†, the public, however, did not agree (â€Å"Cocaine drink claims† 2006). The negative publicity that Redux Beverages received as a result of the launch of new product led to the eruption of a reputational crisis. The public accused Redux Beverages of promoting and glamorizing drug usage among teens and young adults, who are the major target and consumer of energy drinks. Just about a month after the introduction of Cocaine a convenient store giant 7-Eleven decided to pull Cocaine from the shelves (Mooney, 2006). The controversy related to Cocaine energy drink continued throughout the fall and winter. People started questioning not only the name of the drink, but also the marketing strategy used by Redux to promote their product. On April 4, 2007 the Food and Drug Administration issued a warning letter notifying the firm that their product was marketed illegally as an alternative to an illicit drug and a dietary supplement. The letter from FDA claimed that â€Å"street drug alternatives, i.e. , products that claim to mimic the effects of recreational drugs, are not intended to supplement the diet and, as a result, cannot lawfully be marketed as dietary supplements† (Douaud, 2007). Moreover Redux Beverages was accused of having identified some of the drink’s ingredients incorrectly as dietary supplements that could lower blood cholesterol, protect nerve fibers, or help patients with anxiety, depression and obsessive-compulsive disorders. The FDA threatened that the failure to respond to these violations would result in legal actions (Other, 2008). On May 5, 2007 Redux Beverages announced that the company decided to temporarily cease the distribution of Cocaine. In the same announcement the beverage’s makers notified consumers that the drink will be still available for purchase under a different name – Censored. Redux Beverages crisis isn’t an example of a severe, dramatic case. Unlike some crises, Cocaine crisis wasn’t unexpected. The makers chose a scandalous name because they knew it would be controversial and as Jamey Kirby said â€Å"controversy sells† (Nizza, 2007). The controversy was expected and somewhat desired. Redux Beverages knew that breaking into the energy drink market was a very challenging task and that they had to come up with a marketing strategy that would win them new customers. It was quite obvious that naming an energy drink after an A-class narcotic would result in negative opinions and outrage, what was not predictable was the extent of that outrage. Redux Beverages could not have predicted that the product will be eventually pulled from the shelves and that the controversy surrounding the product would initiate a battle with the Food and Drug Administration. This situation could be explained with chaotic systems theory – the uncertainty of how people will react to the launch of a controversial product resulted in inaccurate prediction of long-term outcomes (Sellnow, Seeger, 2001). Due to the controversy surrounding the launch of Cocaine energy drink Redux Beverages’ public image has suffered. The firm was accused of promoting and glamorizing drug use among teenagers and young adults. The marketing strategies used to promote the drink were perceived negatively and were widely criticized. In response to such accusations Redux Beverages used some of the theorized by Benoit known as Image Restoration Theory. According to Benoit (1997) image repair strategies can be applied if an individual or an organization is perceived as responsible for an offensive act. Moreover Benoit (1997) claims that it is not important whether the act was truly offensive; important is what people’s perceptions are and if the public believes that an organization committed a heinous action then its reputation and stability is at risk. In case of Redux Beverages one could argue that the act was not extremely offensive and people’s reaction might have been exaggerated, still the percentage of negative responses from the audience was that high that Redux had to react and address the arisen issues. At first Redux Beverages’ representatives appeared to be quite difficult to reach. Numerous news reporters covering the story stated that they had been unable to reach anyone who could represent the firm and make some comments regarding Cocaine controversy. Throughout the duration of the crisis Jamey Kirby, the CEO and inventor of Cocaine had been the most active spokesperson for the firm. Kirby denied the accusations of promoting and advocating drug use to young people. Kirby focused mainly on reduction of offensiveness of the committed act; he used image restoration strategies such as: bolstering, minimization, differentiation, transcendence and attack accuser (Benoit, Czerwinski, 1997). In the first few interviews Jamey Kirby responded to some of the questions regarding the controversy surrounding his product Cocaine. In efforts to defend the drink Kirby highlighted some positive aspects of Cocaine (bolstering) – in an interview for CNBC Street Signs Kirby said that Cocaine is the energy drink that has â€Å"by far the best quality†; according to Kirby Cocaine doesn’t give the consumer a â€Å"crash from the sugar and the jitters from the caffeine† (Burnett, 2007). But even with that having been said the public remained outraged and kept accusing the drink makers of promoting illegal drugs, especially to teenagers and young adults. The public was concerned that the marketing of the controversial drink was mainly focused on media channels such as MySpace and YouTube that are known from being widely used by young, impressionable people. Kirby uses minimization claiming that â€Å"people know the difference; I don’t think people will look at our drink and say, ‘Oh, I’m going to buy some real cocaine’†(William Pres, 2008). This was definitely not the best response. Teenagers are definitely a very impressionable group and ignoring the risk of selling a product that could potentially cause some to reach for an illegal substance is pretty irresponsible. Some outraged people raised voices that not only is Cocaine advocating drug use, but also putting at risk the health of its consumers due to a very high content of caffeine. According to the product’s label an 8. 4 ounce can contains 280 milligrams of caffeine, 750 milligrams of taurine, guarana, B vitamins and sugar (Redux Beverages, LLC). All these ingredients are supposed to give the drinker the energy high. Some people were concerned whether such high doses of caffeine will not harm young drinkers. In response to these concerns Kirby used differentiation and compared the content of a can of Cocaine to other energy boosting beverages such as Starbucks coffee. In the interview for CNN News Room Kirby says â€Å"if you look at the other beverages on the market a Starbucks 20 oz. Grande Coffee has 500 milligrams of caffeine we are just slightly over half that, so we don’t have any pathological levels of caffeine in our drink†(Nguyen, 2007). Kirby’s comment may seem to be a bit irrelevant, especially if to look at the fact that he compared 500 milligrams of caffeine in a 20 oz.size cup. If to pour Cocaine drink into a 20 oz. cup one would drink an equivalent of almost 670 milligrams of caffeine, nearly 1786 milligrams of taurine and even more energy boosting ingredients. As a result of the controversy and negative public response to the new energy drink the Food and Drug Administration decided to step in and take a closer look at Cocaine drink and its marketing. In April of 2007 the FDA issued a warning letter in which Redux Beverages was accused of marketing Cocaine drink illegally as an â€Å"alternative to an illicit street drug† (Other, 2008). Moreover, the Food and Drug Administration disliked the fact that Cocaine was marketed as a dietary supplement â€Å"intended to prevent, treat, or cure disease conditions† (Cruse, 2007). According to the product’s label one of the ingredients, more specifically inositol â€Å"reduces cholesterol in the blood; helps preventing hardening of the arteries, and may protect nerve fibers from excess glucose damage†(Cruse, 2007). Redux Beverages was given 15 days to correct the violations, otherwise the company would have faced legal responsibility (Other, 2008). In response to this occurrence Jamey Kirby said: â€Å"We are correcting the violations that the FDA believes we have†. As a result Redux Beverages initially made some changes to the marketing strategy and removed slogans such as: â€Å"liquid cocaine† and â€Å"speed in a can†. The webpage was also corrected and instead of calling the drink a dietary supplement Cocaine had become an energy supplement (Other, 2008). In the beginning of May 2007 the official webpage of Cocaine energy drink announced that the beverage’s distribution had been temporarily ceased. Following the decision Clegg Ivey, one of Redux Beverages partners revealed that the company was planning to keep selling the drink under a different name which would be released soon. In addition Ivey made a quite ridiculous comment advocating the product: â€Å"Of course, we intended for Cocaine energy drink to be a legal alternative the same way that celibacy is an alternative to premarital sex†. Ivey also revealed that Redux decided to cease the distribution of the product because the FDA had threaded with punishment by imprisonment (Serrano, 2007). Few days later Redux resumed the sale of Cocaine under a new name – Censored. The official website of Cocaine drink featured multiple slogans and notifications marking the end of Cocaine. The new slogan for Censored energy drink was â€Å"Censored by the Man† which clearly referred to FDA’s decision to ban Cocaine name. On July 17th of 2007 Redux Beverages decided to change the name of the former Cocaine once again. The new name would actually be nameless. Redux Beverage’s new marketing strategy was to sell the drink in a can that looked almost like a red former Cocaine can; the difference was that the logo was missing. The drink makers decided to design a can which would feature a blank box in which consumers could write whatever name they wanted. Since then the controversy surrounding Cocaine energy drink had started to die down. That was until early 2008 when the energy drink was re-released under its original name. Redux Beverages had addressed and corrected the violations highlighted by the FDA and resumed sales of Cocaine. The marketing strategy had been modified. Cocaine was available in three versions: original (with the throat-numbing effect), cut (mild version) and free (sugar-free). Following the re-release the Food and Drug Administration issued another warning letter. On July 9, 2008 Redux Beverages received another warning in which the FDA expressed concerns regarding fonts used by Redux on the drink cans. Cocaine was distributed in red, 8. 4 oz. cans with a logo spelled out in a white, powdery font. The letters resembled letter-shaped lines of drug cocaine. In addition, the FDA had objection to the use of word â€Å"cut† as to an additional logo tagging a milder version of the drink. Jamey Kirby responded to these accusations with transcendence: â€Å"In the last year or so, the US has experienced life-threatening problems with our domestic supply of tomatoes, spinach, peanut butter, imported seafood and even pet food. Worse, many experts predict that the next terrorist attack could focus on our food supply. So, why is the FDA wasting its precious resources complaining about what fonts Redux is using to advertise our product? † (just-drinks. com editorial team, 2008). In this situation using a strategy such as transcendence cannot result in anything positive. Kirby accused the FDA of bothering him with some ridiculous claims while more important work should be in progress. Then the company attacks the FDA and makes fun of the agency saying: â€Å"School teachers everywhere should now be on notice that things written in chalk will be scrutinized more closely by the federal government and could subject the chalk-bearer to civil and criminal liability. No word from the government on whether a chalk ban is next, but school districts across the nation would be well-advised to consider a shift to dry-erase boards. But please, for goodness sake, do NOT sniff those markers! † (just-drinks. com editorial team, 2008). Eventually Redux Beverages decided to use yet another image repair strategy – corrective action – and announced that the firm is working to address the FDA’s concerns and correct the violations that the agency had identified. The case of Redux Beverages from the Image restoration Theory could serve as a great case study presenting a script for image abolition. Redux Beverages has not done anything to lift up the company’s public image after the onset of crisis. The majority of press releases made by Redux during Cocaine controversy didn’t help to persuade the public that their concerns are unnecessary and groundless, but rather reassured them that Redux doesn’t care about anything else than sales and profit. Since public opinion about the company and its product are very important in Cocaine crisis, the case could be also analyzed from the perspective of Group Opinion Formation Process. Many people express concerns about impressionable groups such as teenagers or young adults who may be easily influenced by mass media or peers that can result in some reckless decisions. Many adults react with outrage when they see that their children may be exposed to things such as cigarettes, alcohol, sex or drugs. According to Struges (1994) theory of Group Opinion Formation these concerns could be classified as the first step of group opinion formation (1)â€Å"latent issue†. Redux Beverages’ launch of Cocaine energy drink would be the second step representing the (2) triggering event. Then the controversy and people’s debate would represent the next two steps of the process – (3) formation of pros and cons and (4) debate initiation. Then the onset of crisis would represent (5) the time lapses which leads to (6) formation of public’s opinion. In case of Cocaine crisis the public’s opinion about the company was mainly negative – Redux Beverages has received countless words of criticism and contempt. The last two steps involve formation of (7) social action and (8) social norm (Struges, 1994). Generating and maintaining a positive public opinion is vital for organizations, thus if the initial opinion about a company is positive, then the chances of keeping this perception during crisis are significantly higher. Redux Beverages has generated a negative public opinion during the onset of Cocaine crisis, if to suppose that the company will face another crisis in the future it will be much more difficult to gain the support of the public and generate a positive public image. The theory purposed by Struges (1994) is somewhat related to Coombs (2007) theory of Situational Crisis Communication. The SCCT recognizes reputation as â€Å"a valuable, intangible asset† which â€Å"can attract customers, generate investment interest, improve financial performance, attract top-employee talent, increase the return on assets, create competitive advantage and garner positive comments from financial analysts† (Coombs, 2007). Organizations with better reputation before crisis will still have better reputation than organizations which pre-crisis reputation was poor (Coombs, 2007). In case of Redux Beverages the crisis which had occurred between 2006 and 2008 was not too serious. The company had encountered some financial losses due to the temporary cease of distribution and several rebranding actions. Still, the crisis dealt mainly with the firm’s public image and reputation loss. According to Situational Crisis Communication Model if Redux Beverages is to face a more serious crisis in the future the company is very likely to suffer much more than in the aftermath of Cocaine controversy. The two components linked to the previous crisis – crisis history and prior relationship reputation will negatively affect the attribution of crisis responsibility. Knowing what strategies Redux Beverages used to deal with the previous crisis it is very likely that the potential crisis response strategies will also increase the attribution of crisis responsibility. Redux Beverages poor reputation and high attribution of crisis responsibility will result in public’s negative reaction to an organization. In case of another crisis, Redux Beverages is much more likely to be held fully accountable for the offensive act. Redux Beverages have not done any work to prepare for any potential crisis. The firm does not follow any of the ten best practices for risk and crisis communication purposed by Venette (which include: 1. Process approaches and policy approaches there has been no data released about any policies formulated by Redux Beverages. 2. Pre-event planning – Redux Beverages was not prepared for the crisis caused by controversy surround sales of Cocaine and continues its operations without any pre-crisis planning. No data has been released that would state otherwise. 3. Partnership with the public – Redux beverages seems to care about the sales, and thus about their buyers. Still Redux doesn’t seem to be concerned about their consumer’s health and disregards any doubts about the safety of their highly caffeinated product. 4. Listen to the public’s concerns and understand the audience – Redux Beverages failed to address the public’s concerns regarding the risk of selling a product that is being marketed as a street drug alternative. 5. Honesty, candor and openness – Redux Beverages repeatedly denied comments and interviews with proves that the honestly and openness are not the company’s priorities. 6. Collaborate and coordinate with credible sources – the conflict with the Food and Drug Administration indicates that the organization doesn’t collaborate and is not coordinated with credible sources. 7. Meet the needs of the media and remain accessible 8. Communicate with compassion, concern, and empathy – Redux Beverages fails to communicate in this manner. 9. Accept uncertainty and ambiguity 10. Messages of self-efficacy. The way in which Redux Beverages decided to manage the crisis caused by the controversy surrounding the launch of a new energy drink was not very effective. The crises communication strategies chosen by the organization didn’t really help its reputation and basically created a solid base for even worse crisis in the future. The lost reputation of the company will cause that any little mistake on their behalf will never be perceived as an accident or misfortune, but rather as their own fault. Redux Beverages has not gained any support in the eye of the public, nor governing and legal agencies. The only success of Redux Beverages is that the company gained the rights to re-release and resume the sales of the energy drink with a controversial name – Cocaine. References Benoit, W. L. (1997). Image repair discourse and crisis communication. Public Relations Review, 23(2), 177-186. Benoit, W. L. , Czerwinski, A. . (1997). A critical analysis of USAir’s image repair discourse. Business Communication Quarterly, 60(3), 38-57. Burnett, E. (Speaker). (2007). Cocaine energy drink [Television series episode]. In CNBC Street Signs. New York. Cocaine drink claims to be real thing. (2006, September 21). Mail Online, Retrieved from http://www. dailymail. co. uk/news/article-406304/Cocaine-drink-claims-real-thing. html Coombs, T. W. (2007). Protecting organization reputations during a crisis: The development and application of situational crisis communication theory. Corporate Reputation Review. 10(3), 163-176 Crisis definition. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/crisis Cruse, A. E. . Public Health Service Food and Drug Administration , Los Angeles District . (2007). Warning letter (W/L 10-07). Irvine, CA: U. S. Department of Health Human Services. Retrieved from http://www. fda. gov/ICECI/Enforcement Actions/WarningLetters/2007ucm076349. htm Douaud, C.. (2007, June 19). Cocaine goes no-name. Nutraingredients USA, Retrieved from http://www. nutringredients-usa. com/Industry/Cocaine-goes-no-name Fearn-Banks, K. (1996). Crisis communications: A casebook approach. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaumn Just-drinks. com editorial team. . (2008, July 11). US: Redux accelerates cocaine rebranding on fda pressure. Retrieved from http://www. just-drinks. com/news/redux-accelerates- cocaine-rebranding-on-fda-pressure_id94412. aspx Mooney, P. N. . (2006, October 27). Cocaine energy drink pulled from 7-eleven shelves [Web log message]. Retrieved from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/78750/cocaine_energy_drink_pulled_from_7el even. html? cat=71 Nguyen, B. (Speaker). (2007). In CNN News Room. New York: CNN. Nizza, M. (2007, May 7). The end of cocaine the beverage [Web log message]. Retrieved from http://thelede. blogs. nytimes. com/2007/05/07the-end-of-cocaine-the-beverage/ Other, . (2008, February 6). Cocaine energy drink back on the shelves. Convenience Store News, Retrieved from http://www. csw. com/top-story- cocaine_energy_drink_back_on_the_shelves-43048.html Redux Beverages, LLC, . (n. d. ). Cocaine Energy. Retrieved from http://www. drinkcocaine. com Sellnow, T. L. , Seeger, M. . (2001). Exploring the boundaries of crisis communication: the case of the 1997 Red River Valley flood. Communication Studies, 52(2), 152-167. Serrano, A. . (2007, May 7). â€Å"Cocaine† pulled from shelves nationwide. CBS News, Retrieved from http://www. cbsnews. com/stories/2007/05/07/health/main277254. shtml Struges, D. L. (1994). Communicating through crisis: A strategy for organizational survival. Management Communication Quarterly. 7(3), 297-318. Ulmer, R. R. , Sellnow, T. L. (2000). Consistent questions of ambiguity in organizational crisis communication: Jack in the Box as a case study. Journal of Business Ethics, 25(2), 143- 155. Venette, S. J. (2006). Special section introduction: Best practices in risk and crisis communication. Journal of Applied Communication Research. 34(3), 229-231. William Pres, . (2008). Cocaine – the new energy drink. Retrieved from http://hubpages. com/hub/Cocaine_-_The_NEW_energy_drink.

Descartes Dream Argument Essay

Descartes Dream Argument Essay In Meditation One Rene Descartes brings up the theory concerning those things that can be called into doubt. At the beginning of the meditation Descartes tells us that he wants to reject (or try to reject all of his beliefs). He is trying to accomplish this seemingly impossible feat because as he has matured he has witnessed how numerous were the false opinions that in [his] youth [he] had taken to be true and he had built all his other ideas on those foundations. He also mentions that in order to establish anything firm and lasting then he must free his mind of all presuppositions and see which beliefs are still valid. To accomplish this goal, it would be impossible to call into question every single belief. Descartes believes that if he eliminates his foundation beliefs, then the other beliefs that have been built on top of them will crumble. To be able to doubt any of his foundations, Descartes believes that two steps must be taken in order to truly call in to question or make dub itable these beliefs. The first step is to explain how ones beliefs went wrong, and the second is to explain how things would be different if this belief were to be false. This second step is the most important because if Descartes is unable to imagine a world where one of his beliefs is wrong how can that idea possibly be questioned? The easiest way for Descartes to question his beliefs would be to believe that the senses are unreliable and that they trick us at times. Descartes goes on to tell us that the senses are sometimes deceptive and the senses have tricked him in the past, so they could be tricking him now. This gives weight to cases where the object is a long was off, in bad light, etc. An ordinary sense deception provides a reason for doubting beliefs about objects a long way off, but not objects that are up close and personal in plain view. To be able to bring into question things that are up close and personal in plain view Descartes creates the dream argument and it ha s a very unique view on how dreams can be so real at times that one may not be able to tell the difference when he is dreaming or awake. The dream argument is designed to call into question the existence of the material world. The reason that Descartes creates the dream argument is for the sake of calling into doubt sensory judgments; these are judgments about material things. Descartes believes that ordinary misperception occurs quite often and that the senses lead one to make false judgments. The example that Descartes provides in his meditation is a very simple and clear one. First Descartes has an experience (we will call this E1) that prompts the judgment where he is sitting next to a fire, wearing his winter dressing gown. During this first experience (E1) Descartes has a visual experience of himself sitting next to the fire and wearing his winter dressing gown. Next, Descartes lets us know that he had another experience (E2) and this prompts the same judgment where he is sitt ing next to the fire and wearing his winter dressing gown. The distinctive thing about his last experience (E2) is that he had this experience during a dream. Through these two experiences Descartes comes to the conclusion that there are no definitive signs by which to distinguish being awake from being asleep. Descartes later goes on to explain the significance of the dream argument. First off, all judgments about the material world are based on experience. Secondly, if an experience is dreamt, that is a reason to doubt the judgment based on it. Finally, for any experience (E) there is no way to tell if it is a dreamt or waking experience. These three rules lead to a final conclusion that all judgments based on experience are dubitable. With this conclusion Descartes has shaken the foundations of all of his beliefs. Of course not everything can be answered by the dream argument; there are questions that arise that Descartes is unable to provide an answer for solely with his one the ory. It could be argued that the images we form in dreams can only be made up of bits and pieces of real experience combined in novel ways. This obviously means that without reality and the act of being awake we would not be able to create the things that we could misinterpret without ever waking. Although we can doubt the surface structure of our reality, we have no reason to doubt the things that make up the basics of our daily life. (In particular, there is no reason to doubt the arithmetic and geometric properties that the material world is made out of.) However, in the Sixth Meditation Descartes adopts a position calling into doubt the dream argument and states that there is an obvious way of telling the difference between dreaming and being awake, because dreams are never joined by [his] memory with all the other actions of life. However, to bring a counterpoint to what is said in the Sixth Meditation, Descartes might have stated the following justifications. Just because experiences in dreams are not remembered or interrelated to our waking life does not mean that the dream world during sleep is not another form of reality. Many times I have had dreams that are very vivid and completely leave my mind while awake. However, as I return to bed and prepare to go to sleep these vivid dreams come rushing back as though my psychic being is preparing to enter the dream world. The dream world experienced while asleep may indeed be a completely different dimension that our psychic consciousness goes to. There may be an infinite amount of pl ains that we visit while we are in this dream world. They have no relation to the physical world or experiences that we have while awake therefore; that is why we encounter persons, places and things that are completely unknown and irrelevant to us in the reality we experience while awake. Therefore, who is to say which state is the most real? As we spend almost as much time sleeping as we do awake. Some experiences while awake are primarily to nourish our physical bodies. However, our psychic emotional states may be nourished more while in the dream state as opposed to the repetitive mundane experiences from daily life. It is highly possible that our consciousness develops more while being immersed in the dream state more so than in the waking state which goes hand in hand with the statement reality sucks.

US Change From Isoltaion to Involvement Essay -- United States America

From the ideas of isolationism of the 1930's, between 1940 and 1962, the United States went from a country that did not want anything to do with the rest of the world to a country that was involved all over the world. Isolationism was caused not by an unwillingness of the American people to help those in need, but by the thought process that it was more important to help ourselves. During the 1930's, the United States was in the midst of the "The Great Depression". The "Great Depression" began with the stock market collapse of 1929. Prior to the collapse, the United States had enjoyed a long economic boom in which individual wealth had blossomed. That all ended on October 29th 1929. Losses were unbelievable. By the end of 1929, two months after the initial crash, stockholders had lost 40 billion in paper values, or more than the cost of World War 1 to the United States. The stock market collapse heralded a business depression at home and abroad that lasted longer than anything we or the rest of the world had seen. No other industrialized nation suffered so severe a setback. By the end of 1930, there were more than 4 million workers who were jobless. By 1932, that number had risen to 12 million. Jobs were non- existent. Over five thousand banks collapsed in the first three years of the depression, carrying down with them the life savings of tens of thousands o f ordinary citizens. Thousands of people lost their homes. Bread lines formed, soup kitchens dispensed food and apple sellers stood on street corners selling their wares for 5 cents. It was the economic system that had broken down, not individual initiative. Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected to the presidency in 1932. During his inaugural address, he declared that the gov... ...rs the United States wanted to contain and then eradicate communism, today it is trying to contain and destroy terrorism. Today, the United States is the only major super power in the world and is asked for many things. From the use of our military to try to rid the world of terrorism, to providing million of dollars for Third World country AIDS research, to providing food for starving countries, to providing a new home for millions of immigrants, the United States is trying to do much for the world. We unfortunately have a most difficult time because other countries do not like our president or what he stands for. Whether that is true or not is open to debate. What is not open to debate is that the rest of the world looks to the United States in times of need. We have lead and will continue to do so because we know that the survival of this planet depends on it.

Essay on Sonnet 130 and Passionate Shepherd To His Love -- Sonnet essa

Sonnet 130 and Passionate Shepherd To His Love In William Shakespeare's Sonnet 130 and Christopher Marlowe's The Passionate Shepherd To His Love, the themes of unconditional love, opulent treasures, and vivid imagery are all conveyed throughout the poems but through different point of views. The theme of unconditional love is expressed through the two poems. The poet proclaims his affection for her by telling his "love" that he will give her anything in the world if she would just be with him. "And if these pleasures may thee move, come live with me, and be my love." His words show that he is willing to do anything and everything for her by giving her "a gown made of the finest wool" or even "coral clasps and amber studs" just for her to "live with him and be my (his) love." However, the poet knows that he can not give her these offerings because the gifts that he is willing to give her are merely tokens of exaggerations and are listed to show his beloved that this is how much he wants her. Whereas in Sonnet 130, the poet is earnest and truthful in what he writes about his love. "I love to hear her speak, yet well I know that music hath a far more pleasing sound, yet, I think my love as rare as any she belied with false compare." This shows his honesty in speaking about his object of affection, yet he achieves the same sense of unconditional love that the poet in Marlowe's poem tries to delineate without using embellishments. The speaker in Sonnet 130 doe sn't hyperbolize about his "rare" love using a plethora of exaggerations to portray his fondness for his "mistress" as the poet in Marlowe's poem did. Even though the two poems have the theme as unconditional love, the portrayals of it are achieved th... ...de. Nevertheless, in Sonnet 130, the persona uses imagery of her physical appearance to show his love. The poet in Sonnet 130 does not use imagery of riches but uses commonplace substances to reveal his love for her. "My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun; coral is far more red than her lips' red" and then he discusses how even though she is just an average woman, he loves her with all his heart. Although the two poets uses different elements to express their love, the meaning of their devotion for their loved ones are portrayed eminently. Even though the two poems express the themes of unconditional love, opulent treasures, and vivid imagery, they have differences within their similarities. These similarities and differences within the poems not only make the themes more lucid, but they also help to show the intent of the poets' writings.

The Relationship Between Richard II and The Myrroure for Magistrates Es

The Relationship Between Richard II and The Myrroure for Magistrates The relationship between Richard II and The Myrroure for Magistrates is considered here predominantly in the context of the differences between the two texts.[1] The function of each text is discussed initially, the didactic purpose of the Myrroure contrasted with the function of Shakespeare’s play as, primarily, theatrical entertainment. The conflicting accounts of certain events from Richard’s reign are looked at subsequently and the manner in which they reflect the different function of the texts. Finally, consideration is given to the different way in which the Myrroure and Richard II each reflect upon the theme of kingship through their portrayal of Richard’s reign. In relation to each of these points of discussion, it is argued that Richard II delivers a more complex, multi-dimensional portrayal of character, events and themes than the Myrroure. The Myrroure is imbued with moral didacticism and Richard II’s reign is employed to encourage rulers to govern virtuously and lawfully. Rulers must abide by ‘right’ and ‘lawe’ (l. 32), observe ‘faythful counsayle’ (ll. 35) and beware ‘false Flatterers’ (l. 33). Richard, however, is portrayed as a king who ‘ruled all by lust’ (l.31), ‘passing not a straw’ (l. 35) to those who sought to counsel him. He himself recounts how ‘I set my mind to feede, to spoyle’ (l. 37) and ‘my realme I polde’ (l.41), as a result of which he was ‘brought to care’ (l. 30). The form of the poem reinforces its didactic function. The use of a single voice results in a largely one-dimensional portrayal of Richard, no allowance made fo... ... Johnson (eds.), A Shakespeare Reader: Sources and Criticism, Macmillan Press Ltd., London: 2000, pp.7-9. Throughout this discussion the extract is referred to as ‘the Myrroure’. [2] ‘Telling’ refers to the technique of having a narrator telling what happens while ‘showing’ permits the reader to see the character act and speak. For a discussion of these two terms, applied in the context of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, see Pam Norris, ‘Reading Pride and Prejudice’, in Dennis Walder, The Realist Novel, Routledge, London: 1995, pp. 33-34. [3] See Margaret Healy, ‘Richard II’ in Kiernan Ryan (ed.), Shakespeare: Texts and Contexts, Macmillan Press Ltd., Basingstoke: 2000, p. 50. [4] Ibid., p. 53. [5] See Katherin Eisman Maus, ‘Richard II’ in The Norton Shakespeare, p. 948. [6] Ibid., p.943.

Hamlet as a Tragic Hero

As we know, there are different types of tragedies; Aristotle spoke about a certain type which involves what was once called Peripeteia, Hamartia and Anagnorisis. He said a tragedy is characterized by a tragic hero or heroine who experiences a change or reversal in fortune (peripeteia) which is caused by a personal flaw or mistake (hamartia). The downfall of the hero in a tragedy should not be, however, caused by an external force such as a higher power, whether in the form of gods, fate or even society; it should be the result of an action—or lack of action—carried out by the hero. Finally, the hero must achieve a kind of revelation or recognition (anagnorisis) about destiny or the will of the gods, what Aristotle called â€Å"a change from ignorance to awareness of a bond of love or hate. † These are all characteristics that make an ideal Greek tragedy. However, our purpose is to analyze William Shakespeare’s ‘Hamlet’, a Renaissance tragedy; therefore, the question at hand is, could Hamlet, prince of Denmark, possibly be called and defined as a tragic hero? Our first instinct is to say no, but once we start questioning ourselves and really exploring the character and all that he goes through throughout the play, our answers may change. In ‘Hamlet’ the three defining moments in Greek tragedy mentioned above, if truly present, are intertwined and closely linked together. We will attempt to translate those key aspects present in Aristotle’s description into a completely different type of tragedy such as ?Hamlet’ and see how they would portray themselves in Shakespeare’s words. Afterwards, we will analyze this English writer’s work in terms of the imagery found in the play at hand. We must begin at the core of the play: the apparition of the ghost. Before the ghost of the former king of Denmark, Hamlet senior, makes his appearance, all we know is that Hamlet’s father has passed away, that his uncle has taken the throne and has married his late brother’s wife. Once we hear the ghost’s statement the plot of the play is set in motion; Hamlet goes from ignorance to knowledge—that is, if we choose to believe that there actually is a ghost and that the ghost speaks the truth. The spirit tells the prince of Denmark that he was murdered and by none other than his own brother; we could take this as the prince’s moment of recognition, when, in a way, his whole destiny changes. He now has a new purpose in life, to avenge his father’s death. The bond of love and affection he felt for his uncle is now completely distorted and turned into pure hatred, anger and a thirst for revenge. The next step in our analysis is our ‘tragic hero’s’ change in fortune. As we know, Hamlet’s plan was to get back at his uncle, and in Act III, Scene III he has the perfect opportunity when he walks in on Claudius praying, My fault is past. But O, what form of prayer Can serve my turn? ‘Forgive me my foul murder? ’ That cannot be, since I am still possess’d Of those effects for which I did the murder— My crown, mine own ambition and my queen. May one be pardon’d and retain the offence? Hamlet, however, hesitates and decides not to kill Claudius while in prayer because he would go to heaven, thus his desire for vengeance would not be satisfied. To take him in the purging of his soul, When he is fit and season’d for passage? No. Up, sword, and know thou a more horrid hent. What Hamlet was not aware of was that Claudius was not asking for forgiveness because, as he says, the reasons for which he committed the murder, his ambition and his desire for the crown and the queen, still possess him, therefore he does not regret what he did. My words fly up, my thoughts remain below. Words without thoughts never to heaven go. From this point forward everything just goes downhill. Hamlet missed his one shot all because of his lack of action. Here is where we introduce the final piece of our analysis. Hamlet’s tragic flaw could be his indecisiveness on how to proceed and carry out his plans or maybe his procrastination; whatever it is, he made a conscious mistake which made him completely responsible for later events, his death, Laertes’, his mother’s and Ophelia’s. The prince ultimately brought about his own downfall. ‘Hamlet’, as a tragedy, certainly differs from the Greek mold, but it is safe to say that not entirely. I believe Shakespeare’s character could be considered as a sort of tragic hero if we choose to associate events the way we have throughout this paper. Of course, there is no way to determine whether or ot Hamlet truly is a tragic hero such as Aristotle meant to depict them, it is all subjective. In my opinion, the idea is not too overreaching or farfetched; I actually think it is a valid way of analyzing this most interesting character. Our other purpose was to analyze the imagery, and most specifically the nature im agery, found in the play. In ‘Hamlet’, Shakespeare seems to rely on nature (plants, weather, animals, etc. ) a lot to express what the characters are feeling. When it comes to analyzing specifically how he thought of the state and the people of Denmark, one word is key: weeds. The weed is defined as â€Å"A plant considered undesirable, unattractive, or troublesome, especially one growing where it is not wanted, as in a garden. † During the time of late King Hamlet’s rule, Denmark was considered, as prince Hamlet calls it in Act I Scene II, â€Å"an unweeded garden†; however, once Claudius murders his brother the king and takes the crown, his sin, greed and corruption bring decay to the kingdom. â€Å"Something is rotten in the state of Denmark† states Marcellus in Act I, Scene IV. The weed is the symbol of death and poison in Denmark. Claudius poisoned Hamlet’s father and is now poisoning everybody else with his deceit. Later on in Act III, Scene IV, while talking to his mother Hamlet says, Whiles rank corruption, mining all within, Infects unseen. Confess yourself to heaven, Repent what’s past, avoid what is to come, And do not spread the compost on the weeds, To make them ranker. He is telling her to open her eyes and realize how her new king is infecting their country; he then asks her not to keep helping him in doing so—not to spread the compost on the weeds anymore. We can say, without a doubt, that throughout the whole play Shakespeare refers to the state of Denmark and its people as if they were a garden. Understanding the nature imagery in ‘Hamlet’ is essential to understanding the true meaning behind the play. Denmark used to be a beautiful, healthy garden until its gardener was poisoned; when there was suddenly a new gardener the earth and the plants started dying and nobody did anything to fix it. The subtle way in which Shakespeare is able to use metaphor and simile over and over again in his works without it getting tedious or discouraging is probably one of the reasons why he is considered the greatest writer in the English language.

Independent and depentent variables of psychology Essay

* Independent variable – The variable that is manipulated to test its effects on the dependent variable. * Dependent variable – The variable that is measured to see how it is changed by manipulations in the independent variable. Scenarios 1 Coach Jones has noticed that her players tend to shoot a higher percentage from the free throw line when they play away, rather than at home. Surprised at this trend, she and her assistants decide to test this by comparing free-throw percentages over the course of a year. a Independent variable- Playing at away vs. home b Dependent variable- Free throws 2 Mr. Feldman has noticed the students in his high school Biology class tend to do better on tests taken on Friday, rather than tests taken on Monday. He decides to test the hypotheses. a Independent variable- Testing date b Dependent variable- Testing scores 3 John, Wendy, and Sean, all avid fishermen, have noticed that they always seem to catch more fish when it is raining outside. They decide to test the hypotheses. a Independent variable-The rainy weather b Dependent variable- The chance of catching more fish 4 Tony has designed a study to determine if alcohol really inhibits one’s ability to drive a car. a Independent variable- Alcohol b Dependent variable- Ability to drive 5 Does eating spinach really make you stronger? a Independent variable – Spinach b Dependent variable- Strength 6 Does staying physically fit increase your chances of living longer? a Independent variable- Fitness. b Dependent variable- Longer life. 7 Does taking classes in college really make you smarter? a Independent variable- College b Dependent variable- Intelligence 8 Is it true that animals that listen to classical music make happier pets? a Independent variable- Classical music b Dependent variable- Happy pets 9 Hypothesis: The taller a person is, the more likely they are to enjoy chocolate ice cream. a Independent variable- Being Tall b Dependent variable- Chocolate ice cream. 10 Hypothesis: The more a student attends class, the better they do on exam grades. a Independent variable- Attendance b Dependent variable- Higher exam score 11 Does peer pressure negatively affect teenagers attendance in school? a Independent variable- Peer pressure b Dependent variable- Poor attendance 12. A researcher wants to know whether eating chocolate makes people nervous. a.Independent variable- Consuming chocolate c Dependent variable- Nervousness 13. A researcher wants to know whether feeling nervous makes people eat chocolate. a. Independent variable- Nervousness b. Dependent variable- Consuming chocolate 14. Professor Marshall wants to know if eating sweets for a bedtime snack makes children active. a. Independent variable- Sweets b. Dependent variable- More active at bedtime 15. A researcher plans to investigate whether a cup of hot milk at night helps people relax so that they fall asleep quickly. a. Independent variable- Cup of hot milk b Dependent variable- relax and sleepiness 16. Gabrielle conducted a small experiment examining the effects of music on time perception. She had three groups of subjects. Group 1 was exposed to classical music, group 2 was exposed to contemporary rock and the third group received no music. a. Independent variable- Music i.e.; classical & contemporary rock & silence b. Dependent variable- Perception of time. 17 A study was done on the effects of punishment on self-esteem. a. Independent variable-Punishment b. Dependent variable- Self-esteem

Unit 9 Nvq Level 3

Unit 9 1. 1 As a nursery nurse you need to contribute to a programme of age-appropriate activities designed to stimulate the children you are working with: †¢ Keep an accurate record of achievement file on your key children †¢ Be a pro-active team member, offering appropriate support to your colleagues †¢ Liaise with and support parents and other family members †¢ Attend ALL out of working hours activities, e. g. training, monthly staff meetings, parents’ evenings, summer fayre, Christmas party, etc. †¢ Be flexible within working practices of the Nursery.Be prepared to help where needed, including domestic jobs within the Nursery, e. g. preparation of snack meals, cleaning equipment etc. †¢ Work with the Manager and her team to ensure that the Nursery’s philosophy is reflected †¢ Record accidents in the accident book. Make sure that parents read and sign the report. †¢ Look at the Nursery as a ‘whole’, where your help is most needed and how you can most effectively meet the needs of the children in your care †¢ Make sure that every child is collected by someone known to the Nursery †¢ Respect the confidentiality of information received Develop your role within the team, especially your role as a key worker †¢ Specified Child Care Tasks: a. Prepare and complete activities that match the child’s stage of development b. Make sure that mealtimes are a time of pleasant social sharing c. Wash and change children as required d. Provide comfort and warmth to an unhappy or sick child †¢ Help to make sure that the environment meets the needs of Nursery children, reflecting their cultures and religious backgrounds, and stages of development †¢ Be aware of the high profile of the Nursery and to uphold its standards at all times. . 2 In my role I am expected to support the staff, to be reliable and build a good relationship with the children, encouraging them to the best of th eir ability in their learning, to assist their growth in knowledge and assist in enhancing their development, so they can grow holistically. To be aware of any weak areas that I come across whilst working with the children, for example a child that may need extra support within their numeracy, literacy or phonics time. I am also expected to deal, to the best of my ability, with challenging aggressive, rude or traumatised children.Whilst I may need to do this at times I am also aware that the class teacher is there for support. I have had to deal with bad language used by a pupil when dealing with the child I explained that the words used where not words that should be used. I found out why the pupil had said those words and asked what words we could use instead. As well as working with my own class teacher I can be asked at times to go and support another teacher in another class. I am expected to adapt very quickly to the other class and to the lesson there having.My role also mean s that I will support the children so they are confident in their journey though the school. It is important that I conduct myself in the correct manner within the school as children will often mirror others actions. I remain professional at all times and act appropriately. 2. 1 As part of our job role it is important to carry out reflective practice especially because we work with children/young people and our effectiveness will have an impact on them and their learning.Reflective practice means thinking about and evaluating what you do and discussing any changes which could be made. This means focusing on how we interact with colleagues, service users and the environment. It means thinking about how we could have done something differently, what we did well, what we could have done better. How we can improve what you have done. It also means reflecting our own values, beliefs and experiences which shape our thoughts and ideas.This will allow us to obtain a clearer picture of your own behaviour and a better understanding of our strengths and weaknesses- so that we can learn from our own mistakes and take appropriate future actions. Improving the quality of our performance: – Allows us an objective look at our practice in order to improve    – Helps us to recognise what we do well so that we can apply these skills in other situations    – Improves professional judgment – Helps us to learn from successes and mistakes to enhance development    –Helps us to plan for future situations and therefore respond more positively to change    – Enables us to apply the skill of reflection to the personal development cycle Reflective practice allows us to support the children better and better- if we have concerns about how the session went we can look back and work out what more we could have done. We may have used one resource and found it useful and then choose it again with another child. 2. 3 Everyone has different valu es, beliefs and preferences.What you believe in, what you see as important and what you see as acceptable or desirable is an essential part of who you are. The way in which you respond to people is linked to what you believe in, what you consider important and what interests you. You may find you react positively to people who share your values and less warmly to people who have different priorities. When you develop friendships, it is natural to spend time with people who share your interests and values. However, the professional relationships you develop with people you support are another matter.As a professional, you are required to provide the same quality of support for all, not just for those who share your views and beliefs. This may seem obvious, but knowing what you need to do and achieving it successfully is not the same thing. 3. 1 It is a nursery nurse’s duty to provide a safe, warm and caring environment where children feel welcomed and loved and are able to lea rn and develop at their own pace, with guidance and supervision as appropriate, in order that parent may have peace of mind to go to work knowing that their child’s well-being is paramount.The duties and responsibilities are: †¢ To listen to parents as experts on their own children, to respect families traditions and childcare practices and to follow parents’ wishes as closely as possible within the context of caring for children from several different families. †¢ To plan and provide activities and resources appropriate to each child’s age, stage of development and individual needs and interests with due regard the requirements of the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS). †¢ To provide a safe environment, both at the child minders property and on outings.To teach children safe practices and to hold a current first aid certificate. †¢ To maintain discipline and encourage positive behaviour. †¢ To be aware of the signs and symptoms which i ndicate the possibility of abuse and to be aware of the current procedure for reporting concerns. †¢ To provide a varied nutritional menu with due regard to the dietary requirements of each child, parents wishes and the current professional recommendations for children’s diets. †¢ To provide a healthy environment and to encourage children to make healthy choices. To liaise with and, where necessary, to seek advice from professionals, with due regard to confidentiality, including preschool leaders, school teachers, health visitor. †¢ To adhere to requirements set out by relevant authorities such as Ofsted, insurance providers, inland revenue. †¢ To comply with relevant legislation such as that covering health and safety, food hygiene, fire or planning requirements and to keep appropriate records with due regard to confidentiality. †¢ To meet the requirements of the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS).A child minder should also love and nurture every ch ild so they grow confident and strong and develop into healthy and caring young people and adults. 4. 1 While at work it helps me when I have an appraisal meeting with the manager, this is because I can pick out the things I think I do best and the things I don’t do as good as I should be doing. This is also useful as the manager will have some points to speak to me about things so then I can use these to help me become a professional nursery practitioner. It’s also useful when I get supervised through new things e. when I first got key children I got so much help and supervision through this that it made me become stronger at work. 5. 1 The reasons why it is important to evaluate learning activities are: †¢ To see what is working and what needs removing or changing       †¢ To assess how the activities are being delivered and how they could be improved       †¢ To see how the activities are being received by the participants Evaluation is import ant as it helps out when planning and helps you to think about the learning that has taken place.Spending time going through the learning activities and seeing how students have responded to a certain task or question, can really help re-shape it for future classes. It is also important to look back at the learning objects so you can measure what the children have learned. If you do not think carefully about learning objectives at the planning stage, it will not always be possible to evaluate whether pupils have achieved them. Learning objectives need to be clear for this to be possible. †¢ Learners must understand what the outcomes mean. †¢ They must be achievable. †¢ We must be able to assess pupils against them.Evaluating helps you to see if something is succeeding or may need changing. If students whizzed through the activity and then looked rather bored then it would be obvious that the task was a bit too easy and not really suitable or beneficial for that group. Therefore you would need to try and make it more engaging and stimulating, perhaps by making it more difficult or time-consuming so the students really have to work to complete it. If the activities are taking longer than expected and you can see that the students are really struggling, things again would need to be addressed.

Summer essay

It was pretty hard to find house is once there are so many and this is what did over the summer. First of all, there was not much going on over the summer and there was a lot going on at the same time. Over the summer I worked for my uncle and it was a very busy summer for me. At beginning of summer I went to his new office to set u p some new computers and printers. It took me about two week before I was complete Ely finished with the setup and the installation. After I was finished with the setup. Went t o do some shopping for myself . When I was done went back to the office the next day t o help my uncle finding new listing of houses. I started listing house for new customer a ND investors. And was officially started my study. The most exciting part about my summer was to find the house that will be moving in. There was a lot of listing of house. It spend about a month Loki Eng for new available houses for sale. And I also spend a lot of time going into houses that are for ale in Michigan.Choosing houses can be a headache because you have to do background check in every single one of them you see. I didn't really have a g DOD summer, but I was happy about the new house. And finally there a was house that found that everybody in my family really liked. And now it was almost end of s mummer and I was getting worried about school. Now I was getting ready for next school year. And now I was almost done working with my uncle. Did some shopping over the Summer, and getting re dad school trials like notebooks and papers.I didn't actually go anywhere special eve r the summer, but I think my summer went pretty well than past summer vacations that I had. This was also the summer with the most responsibilities that I had. In conclusion my summer vacation went very well. There was a lot of work an responsibilities. Enjoyed working with my uncle. He taught me a lot of new t wings that I did not knew, and I am really excited to move in the new home, and I hope m y next su mmer vacation would be even better than this.

Comparison of ratios over a two-year period Research Paper

Comparison of ratios over a two-year period - Research Paper Example Besides, financial ratio analysis can also be used to assess the performance of different departments and managers and how their overall performance may have an impact on the performance of the whole firm. Sparklin Automotive Company is in business since 1990 and is supplying different automotive related parts across the whole country. In order to better assess its performance for the year 2005 and 2006, a comprehensive ratio analysis is important. This will provide a critical insight into areas such as liquidity management, overall asset management, the nature and extent of firm’s debt as well as assessing the profitability during these two years. Ratio Analysis Explanation Ratio analysis is the process of calculation and comparing the ratios which have been extracted from the different financial statements. By forming the historical trends, ratio analysis can actually provide an insight into the performance as well as charm in the company to perform in the long run based on the historical data. Ratio analysis is also important from the perspective of assessing the performance of the managers and understanding as to how the organization is performing. By computing financial ratios, a firm not only compares its performance with the competitors but also get an insight into its own historical performance. Ratio analysis therefore can be used for two different purposes or in two different manners i.e. making comparisons through trend analysis and comparing the ratios with the competitors. When financial ratio analysis is used for the purpose of trend analysis, a firm or a manager can actually get an insight into how the trends in different ratios are pointing towards the performance of the firm. For example, if a manager wants to assess as to how the overall inventory has been managed through out the year, she can compute the inventory turnover ratio and days in inventory to get an insight into how the inventory of the firm has been maintained and how sales have been generated. Ratio analysis therefore provides an ability to perform objective analysis of the performance of the firm. (Bull, 2007) Ratio analysis can either be used by the firm for its own evaluation purposes so that managers can assess what is required to be done in order to improve different areas lacking in achieving the targets. Secondly, ratio analysis can also be used by the investors to not only assess the historical performance of the firm but based on this assessment make forecasts as to how the firm may perform in future. Ratio Calculation Ratio Formula 2005 2006 Current Ratio Current Assets /Current Liabilities 1.475:1 1.403:1 Debt to Equity Ratio Total Liabilities / Total Equity 0.449:0.551 0.440 : 0.56 Inventory Turnover Sales / Inventory 6.11 times 4.620 Times Receivables Turnover Sales / Receivables 18.24 times 18.16 times Gross Margin Gross Profit / Sales 49.19% 40.70% Evaluation of the Ratios Current Ratio Current ratio is one of the basic indicators for assessing the liquidity position of the firm and indicates as to whether the firm has the required liquid assets to pay off its immediate liabilities. A current ratio of higher than 1 is considered as acceptable because for ever $1 of current liabilities firm has more than $1 of current assets to settle these

2012 Election Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

2012 Election - Essay Example Based on all of the aforementioned issues and after balancing pros and potential cons related to both candidates, it has been determined that Mitt Romney would be the best leader for the United States. First, in relation to the economy, Barack Obama has a proven track record of failures associated with economic policy and stimulus package development to prevent the company from experiencing a recession. This current president maintains a very large group of economic advisors to provide him information and strategies that will help the macro- and micro-economic environment. It does not appear that this president maintains the academic or experience-based credentials to understand the complex dynamics of economic theory and inter-dependent financial institutions that drive growth and sustainability in the economy. It becomes a cause for concern when an individual who is responsible for dictating economic policy must rely on a basket of knowledge sources to make decisions. Mitt Romney maintains much experience-based knowledge of business and financial investment institutions and therefore can rely on their own tangible knowledge to make effective economic decisions. It is difficult t o trust the economic policy of an individual with no formalized training in advanced economic development or experience working within the investment and financial communities. Barack Obama also does not seem to understand the importance of a crumbling and inefficient infrastructure that supports retail, physical urban sustainability, and how physical infrastructure failures have long-term safety consequences for citizens. Many of the bridges and highways in America, as two examples, have been deemed unsafe by experts in safety management nationwide. In certain urban areas, they are literally falling onto vehicles as they pass underneath overpasses with the rebar exposed and potholes

Business law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Business law - Assignment Example For Consideration To Be Valid, It Must Be Sufficient But Need Not Be Adequate. Explain This Rule and Cite Relevant Court Decisions 12 References 15 Question 1 Issue In relation to the case of Freda v Gullies Hotel, it has been observed that Freda has prosecuted legal charges against the management of Gullies Hotel due to the aspect of losing her money and expensive jewelleries from her room within the hotel premise. However, the management of Gullies Hotel has refused to accept the responsibility in lieu of their prior notice that â€Å"The Gullies Hotel and its Management would not be held liable for the safety of any valuable left in the guest's room. The Hotel has safe deposit boxes at the reception†. Rule In accordance with the scenario of the case Freda v Gullies Hotel, it has been recognised that the case involves the issue of loss of customer’s wealth within the time period while she was obtaining the organisational services. In this context, the case can be cons idered under the Vicarious Liability Law under the provision of UK Business Law (Tort Law) (Jones, 2011). The provision under the law constitutes a set of measures which can be taken a victim against the employers while they are found to be responsible for any loss faced by their customer while undertaking their services. The rule involved within the vicarious law includes different principles that ensure to protect the customers from any misconduct by the employers. Therefore, the law can be appropriately applied in order to mitigate the issue presented in the case Fred v Gullies Hotel (Jones, 2011). Application It has been observed that the case of Freda v Gullies Hotel can be applied to the principles and regulations under the Vicarious Liability Law. Therefore, Gullies Hotel can be sued based on significant legal charges made by Freda. The principles and regulations under the vicarious liability ensure to protect the customers in a scenario of losing their invaluable belongings while undertaking the organisational services. In accordance with the strict liability of the law, the management of Gullies is liable for the issue (Jones, 2011). Similar to the stated concern, Freda lost her money and expensive jewelleries during her absence in Gullies Hotel’s room that she booked. Conclusion With reference to the stated law and the case of Freda v Gullies Hotel, it has been observed that the event of missing of customers’ possession is regulated under the provisions of vicarious liability doctrine. Moreover, the prior consciousness related information cannot be applied as the customer was still under that service rendered by the organisation. In accordance with the principle under the Act of vicarious liability, the management of Gullies Hotel can be sued due to their culpable practice. In this regard, Freda can sue the management of Gullies Hotel and take appropriate legal steps (Jones, 2011). Relevant Case Example Olley v Marlborough Court [1949] The case of Olley v Marlborough Court [1949] can be considered as similar to the aforesaid case scenario. In accordance with the case of Olley v Marlborough (1949), it has been witnessed that the claimant found her fur coat theft from the hotel premise of Marlborough. However, in this case, it has also been observed that the defendant party i.e. Marlborough did not mention any prior notice regarding the probability of theft of the customer liabilities from the hotel pr